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The first
recorded sternwheeler on the Yukon was the "Wilder", which was launched by the
Russian-American Telegraph Company in 1866. Its' history is unknown but is
listed by the Carcross schools in their Yukon History curriculum. Why
steamboats? These "boats" were nothing more than a flat bottom barge with an
engine and rudder. The paddles were mounted on the rear, which is the stern, and
grouped in a circle to obtain a revolving wheel. This sounds very similar to a
railroad locomotive. In fact, the engines on these steamboats were the same as
the locomotive engines. These flat bottom barges with a locomotive engine
driving a round paddle wheel mounted on the rear are, by definition known as a
Sternwheeler. These vessels could maneuver on shallow rivers making them ideal
for the Yukon and its' tributary the Tanana River. Docks were not required since
these vessels could run the bow onto the shore and while leaving the the paddle
and rudder in the river.
All of major trading companies in the Yukon and Alaska Territory had their own
sternwheeler for transporting supplies to their stores. They were a major
transportation source for passengers and traders.
The majority of the Sternwheelers had
three decks. The first was the main deck which had the boiler, engine, fire box
(wood for fuel), cargo or freight and kitchen. Next was the cabin deck which
were the rooms for the passengers. The third and sometimes the last was the
Texas Deck for the crew. At the top sat the pilot house. Various combinations of
these layouts existed depending on the purpose and use.
The first recorded Port or stop was at the mid-point along the Tanana River at a
location near its' merging with the Chena River. This stop was an Aschanbacan
fish camp known as Chena and later was identified on maps as "New Town Chena".
The Chena River was a spring fed river and become a torrent with the melting
snow and ice during the Spring season. Riverboat Captains quickly learned to
avoid the river during late summer due to low water levels and the ever changing
sand bars. Since the Chena River did not fit the the typical deep water ports,
the "New Town Chena" seemed to be an ideal location. It was-- until:
One individual decided to build a trading post near the main route of the gold
strikes near the Yukon and close to the rivers. On his fourth attempt, he
reached the shallow banks of the Chena River of what is now called Fairbanks.
The Sternwheeler used on this journey was named the
Lavelle Young.
However, it was not the first Sternwheeler to come up the river.
Spreading the news on river travel was first introduced in May 1903, by this note (advertisment) in the Fairbanks News.
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